Solubility Product Constants at 25 Degrees Celsius

The solubility product works as follows: In a water solution at equilibrium with a slightly soluble ionic compound, the product of the concentration of the ions, raised to the power of its coefficient in the solubility equation, is a constant. The solubility constant, Ksp, has a fixed value at a given temperature and is independent of the concentration of the individual ions. Here are values of Ksp for several slightly soluble ionic solids: Actetates AgC2H3O2 -- 2 x 10-3 Bromides AgBr -- 5 x 10-13PbBr2 -- 5 x 10-6 Carbonates BaCO3 -- 2 x 10-9CaCO3 -- 5 x 10-9MgCO3 -- 2 x 10-8 Chlorides AgCl -- 1.6 x 10-10Hg2Cl2 -- 1 x 10-18PbCl2 -- 1.7 x 10-5 Chromates Ag2CrO4 -- 2 x 10-12BaCrO4 -- 2 x 10-10PbCrO4 -- 1 x 10-16SrCrO4 -- 4 x 10-5 Fluorides BaF2 -- 2 x 10-6CaF2 -- 2 x 10-10PbF2 -- 4 x 10-8 Hydroxides Al(OH)3 -- 5 x 10-33Cr(OH)3 -- 4 x 10-38Fe(OH)2 -- 1 x 10-15Fe(OH)3 -- 5 x 10-38Mg(OH)2 -- 1 x 10-11Zn(OH)2 -- 5 x 10-17 Iodides AgI -- 1 x 10-16PbI2 -- 1 x 10-8 Sulfates BaSO4 -- 1.4 x 10-9CaSO4 -- 3 x 10-5PbSO4 -- 1 x 10-8 Sulfides Ag2S -- 1 x 10-49CdS -- 1 x 10-26CoS -- 1 x 10-20CuS -- 1 x 10-35FeS -- 1 x 10-17HgS -- 1 x 10-52MnS -- 1 x 10-15NiS -- 1 x 10-19PbS -- 1 x 10-27ZnS -- 1 x 10-20

The Ban Of The Tobacco - 979 Words

For me tobacco is one of the useful but useless products that are consumed by some class of the human race in general. In the year 2001 the Government of India had announce an intention to lay an embargo on the advertisement of tobacco in the media in general, in-order to prevent luring the younger generation from getting involved in this act and also to arm the government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. After the declarations made by the government there is a negative uprising against the ban that the government want to lay on the advertisements of the tobacco in general. Some ideal people have seen the decision taken by the government as an impossible decision that can never come into fruition, even to the degree where some prominent media personnel like, Suhel Seth, CEO, Equus Advertising said have to speak against the intention of the government by saying, The ban does not have teeth. It is a typical knee-jerk reaction by any Government to create some kind of po pularity for itself. Even with the health problems that are associated with smoking of some people have made a decision to keep smoking, after the intended ban on the tobacco advertisement ITC Ltd have personally withdrawn from the sponsorships that it’s been offering to the Indian economy. Though the there are some contributions that are offered to the economy by the tobacco companies such as the Industry was a major contributor to the State Exchequer (In the YearShow MoreRelatedBan Tobacco Ban On Tobacco859 Words   |  4 PagesSupporters of the ban on tobacco in India realize the major health complications that will arise from the use of tobacco. The World Health Organization estimated â€Å"over 3 million people died from tobacco related deaths in 1990,† (Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government in India; http://www.icmrindia.org/free%20resources/casestudies/ban-tobacco-ads11.htm ). It is the government’s duty to protect the health and welfare of its citizens by banning advertising harmful products that are designed to appealRead MoreBan Of Ban On Tobacco988 Words   |  4 Pages Those in favor of the ban on tobacco advertisements and sponsoring of cultural and sporting events in India noted that they were not the first country to be taking these steps. In fact, many European countries had previously invoked bans on tobacco beginning decades before. In both Belgium and France the ban was deemed to be constitutional as the main motivator behind this ban was public health, and not necessarily the desire to stop the tobacco industry from partaking in trade. BeyondRead MoreIndias Ban on Tobacco664 Words   |  3 Pagesaddiction of marijuana and cocaine, tobacco is becoming more dangerous and damaging drug in the world. Due to its increasing effect in deteriorating health and death tolls on humans, it has become the main concern for many governments and forced them to act and take measures to minimize the damage caused by tobacco products. One typical example of these authorities is the Indian government. For this session of written assignment, I will analyze a case study of ban on tobacco Ads by Indian government. ByRead MoreThe Ban Of The Tobacco Advertising1084 Words   |  5 Pageswhen looking at the Indian Government’s deliberation over tobacco marketing and the usage of tobacco impacting their economy and population. The Government of India proposed bans on tobacco advertising leading to arguments for and against, it is however important to analyze both sides those in favor an those against, and any conflicts of interest that may be involved. Taking a closer look at those in favor of the tobacco advertising bans there are several factors to be considered. The GovernmentRead MoreThe Ban On Tobacco Advertisements977 Words   |  4 PagesManagers are faced with a mammoth task when it comes to issues which need ethical and commercial considerations. The ban on tobacco advertisements in India is no exception as India is a country which preserves its ethics but at the same time wants to develop. Those in favour of the ban supported it as follows; As to discourage adolescents from taking up smoking; since the advertising agents put up slick and colorful adverts which make smoking to be deemed as cool by the youths, so the governmentRead MoreThe Ban On Tobacco Advertising987 Words   |  4 PagesOn Feb 6, 2001, Government of India announced a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. Summarize the arguments for the ban on tobacco advertising in India. 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The country’s government would be doing what is best for its citizensRead MoreThe Ban Of Tobacco Companies Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesIndian government announced they were going to enforce a ban regarding advertising their products in their country. The problem was that tobacco companies in India promote their products through every conceivable medium, including radio, television, newspapers, magazines, billboards and the internet. The government realized that most of these tobacco companies were adapting creative new ways to publicize their brands to young people. Some tobacco companies also decided to use indirect methods whichRead MoreThe Ban On Tobacco Advertisements941 Words   |  4 PagesMy thoughts and reasoning may not be that of a business intent but more from a personal aspect, as for the ban on tobacco ads being shown in the country by the Indian Government 02/06/2001. Not only for health purposes such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, stroke, asthma, reproductive affects in women, diabetes, premature, low birth weight in babies, blindness, cataracts, or age related macular degeneration. With India being a nation with war, as well as lots

Egyptian Pyramids free essay sample

In 3100 B. C the Nile Valley and Delta joined to form the Nile. It was known as â€Å"The Gift of The Nile† because settlers were able to take advantage of the Nile’s annual floods. It turned into an especially productive Agricultural region that was capable of supporting a much larger population. It was â€Å"The Gift of The Nile† that made Egypt one of the richest and most powerful nations. Ancient Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt. Legendary conqueror, Menes, is responsible for the unification of Egypt. Menes is also the founder of Memphis, which was the cultural and political center of Egypt. Menes instituted the role of the Pharaoh. The Egyptian kings were called Pharaohs. They were absolute rulers and claimed to be a descent from the gods. (Factoidz. com, Egypt and the Rise of Fall of the Pharaohs. ) Some of the most influential Pharaohs were Tuthmosis III and his stepmother Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut was the first female Pharaoh and ruled in a time when women had more freedom then other ancient cultures. Hatshepsut married her half brother, Tuthmosis II, and had failed to have any male children so when Tuthmosis II passed, Hatshepsut co-ruled alongside her young stepson Tuthmosis III, being age ten at the time. Hatshepsut over did her role just as co-ruler and declared herself King. She disguised herself as a man, wearing false beards and male clothing. Tuthmosis III stood behind Hatshepsut most of his young life and spent time in the army. After the death of Hatshepsut, Tuthmosis III lead an army of twenty thousand men out of Egypt into Palestine. During his reign he personally led seventeen campaigns and dominated the coastal regions of the Eastern Mediterranean as well as North Africa. Tuthmosis III is widely known for his military successes while being Pharaoh. There were many Pharaohs that ruled ancient Egypt that were trying to leave an eternal legacy. The first was Menes and concluded with Cleopatra VII, who was the most known of the ancient Egyptian queens and had an affair with Julius Caesar and Marc Anthony. It was after her suicide that Egypt became a province of Rome. Tyldesley, Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis: a royal feud?. ) It was during the Old Kingdom when the building of pyramids took place. The role of the pyramid was that it would be held as burial chambers for Pharaohs and a gateway to the afterlife. The pyramid is a symbol of the Pharaoh’s authority and divine status. They were also a testimony of the Pharaoh’s ability to marshal Egypt’s resources. The Egyptians began the custom of embalming to preserve the body for its life after death, also known as mummification. They believed they needed their body to last to throughout the afterlife. The mummies were placed in a sarcophagus, a stone coffin, and the translation of a sarcophagus is â€Å"flesh eater†. In the case of royalty, some were made in gold or silver. Also the Pharaoh’s gold and jewels were with them to make it through the journey with them. The largest Egyptian pyramid built for the Pharaoh Khufu, or Cheops. It took approximately twenty years to build, with one hundred thousand slaves, and is not only the largest but also the oldest pyramid standing. It also holds 2. 3 limestone blocks and has an average weight of two and a half tons. Pyramids hold our insight into most of what we know about ancient Egypt since their walls are filled with hieroglyphs. (Bentley, Chapter 3) Hieroglyphs, also known as â€Å"Holy Inscriptions†, was the Egyptian form of writing that appeared at least by 3200 B. C. E. Hieroglyphs were pictographic and supplemented with symbols that represented sounds and ideas. Hieroglyphs were used for formal writing and monument inscriptions but for common affairs as well, known as script. While not only found of monuments and a buildings, they used sheets of papyrus to write on. Papyrus was a long stemmed plant that flourished along the Nile. Some documents written on papyri were found in certain pyramid temples. They contained information such as lists of priests on duty, records of offerings brought to the temple, accounts, inventories of temple equipment and passes authorizing access to the temple. Hieroglyphs found carved onto the walls of tombs include scenes of everyday life on the estates and some even showed how rdinary people lived and worked. Historians say that we must not take these to accurately because the purposes of the hieroglyphs were to take in account for their afterlife and kings wished to last forever. This might not have been contemporary reality. Hieroglyphs are the main way of interpreting the ancient Egyptian society and it’s the main reason that we known so much about the rich and the royalty and not so much about ordinary life. Hieroglyphs interpreted sounds and ideas, which made an impact of the history of writing in the ancient times. Malek, â€Å"Primary Sources of the Old Kingdom. ) Today the pyramids of Egypt are one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Ancient Egypt brought the ideas of government, the beautiful work of art we call pyramids and another piece of art, hieroglyphs. The Egyptians were a society that flourished and used all their resources to their advantage. While learning more about Egypt or even getting the experience to go visit where the hundreds of slaves put together a bunch of heavy rocks, a person will think more of Egypt then just an empty sand filled desert.

Lava Lamp free essay sample

Getting Their Attention: How many of you own lava lamps? How many of you enjoy looking at Lava Lamps? Introducing Yourself and Relating The Topic to the Speaker: If youre like me you love looking at a lava lamp at night or if youre in your living room just hanging out its always a good thing to Just look at and keep your mind busy. IVe always found lava lamps very cool. Preview Your Points: Today I will show you 7 easy steps on how to make your very own personal lava lamp hat you can show to friends or keep for yourself. This is a very fun activity for kids or even for you to have on your own. Whats In It for Them? This easy to make lava lamp is very cheap to make and is much better than going out and purchasing an expensive one. We will write a custom essay sample on Lava Lamp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This lava lamp can be used if youre trying to sleep and need a little light or is a fun activity you can show to kids or your own kids. Thesis Statement: This is a very fun and easy thing you can do for your own enjoyment. Transition: Like many projects lets start by gathering the materials. Body: 1. The first step is to gather the materials A. There are several supplies that are needed to make this lava lamp. 1. You will need Water. 2. The second item is a clear plastic bottle. 3. The third item is vegetable oil. 4. The fourth item is food coloring of your choice. 5. The fifth item is Alka-Seltzer tablets. Transition: Now that weve collected all the materials we can begin on our steps. 1. Pour water into the plastic bottle until it is around one quarter full (you might want to use a funnel when filling the bottle so you dont spill anything). Pour in vegetable oil until the bottle is nearly full. 3. Wait until the oil and water have separated. 4. Add around a dozen drops of food coloring to the bottle (choose any color you like). 5. Watch as the food coloring falls through the oil and mixes with the water. 6. Cut an Alka-Seltzer tablet into smaller pieces (around 5 or 6) and drop one of them into the b ottle, things should start getting a little crazy, Just like a real lava lamp! 7. When the bubbling stops, add another piece of Alka-Seltzer and enjoy the show! Conclusion: anyone. 2. The second step was gathering all the materials Water, Clear plastic bottle, vegetable oil, food coloring, and youre Alka-Seltzer. 3. The third step is Just following the 7 easy steps that you have learned today. 4. And fourth step is to enjoy your own personal lava lamp. Final Appeal: I hope this demonstration showed you guys a fun easy way to enjoy a lava lamp. I hope I inspired maybe a parent or someone to try this project. Concluding Statement: I hope everyone enjoyed this presentation and learned something fun and exciting today, Thank you.